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Lighting · Terms

Yoke

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Steel or aluminum suspension rig for film lights allowing pan from −90° to +90°, equipped with friction brakes or gear drives for precise positioning.

Technical Details

Standard yokes are made of 16-20mm thick steel or aluminum and allow tilt angles from -90° to +90°. The yoke is equipped with friction brakes or gear drives capable of handling torques up to 200 Nm. For Fresnel lights from 5kW upwards, the yokes are reinforced and weigh between 2-8 kg. Moving light systems use motorized yokes with stepper motors (typically 1.8° step angle) and encoders for precise positioning. Bearings are either ball bearings or maintenance-free plain bearings made of bronze alloys.

History & Development

The first film lights of the 1910s still used simple clamping systems without movable suspension. The standardized yoke system developed in the 1920s at Mole-Richardson in Hollywood, parallel to the introduction of the Fresnel lens. In 1935, Strand Electric introduced the first yokes with gear drives, enabling precise angle adjustments. The 1980s saw the creation of the first computer-controlled yokes for moving heads, while modern LED panels today often work with carbon yokes, which are 40% lighter than steel versions.

Practical Use in Film

Cinematographer Roger Deakins used modified yokes on ARRI SkyPanel S360-C in "Blade Runner 2049" (2017) to create the characteristic vertical light streaks. The precise tilt adjustment allowed for millimeter-accurate shadow positioning. In "1917" (2019), motorized yokes were used, controlled synchronously with the camera's movement during long tracking shots. The yoke determines the speed of light changes – while manual systems require 2-3 seconds for a 45° rotation, motorized variants achieve the same movement in 0.8 seconds.

Comparison & Alternatives

Compared to fixed mounts, the yoke offers 180° freedom of movement on one axis, while cardanic suspensions (pan-tilt heads) cover both planes of rotation. Modern gimbal systems are increasingly replacing mechanical yokes with brushless motors offering 16-bit resolution. Track systems with linear motors are more precise than yoke systems for large LED walls but cost 3-4 times as much. For weights under 5kg, quick-release yokes are becoming more common, reducing setup and breakdown times from 45 to 12 seconds.

From the crafts

Perspectives

Cinematographer

Ich achte darauf, dass die Joch-Mechanik absolut spielfrei läuft - schon 0,5° Spiel können bei Nahaufnahmen sichtbare Schatten-Sprünge verursachen. Bei schnellen Lichtwechseln während Takes verwende ich nur noch motorisierte Systeme, da die manuelle Bedienung zu unpräzise und zu langsam ist. Wichtig ist mir auch der Noise-Level der Motoren - alles über 35dB stört bei Dialog-Szenen.

Director

Das Joch ist mein Werkzeug für emotionale Licht-Choreografie - eine langsame 30°-Neigung kann die Stimmung einer Szene komplett verändern, ohne dass es bewusst auffällt. Ich plane Joch-Bewegungen bereits im Storyboard mit ein, besonders bei langen Einstellungen wo sich die Lichtsituation organisch entwickeln soll. Die Geschwindigkeit der Bewegung muss dabei exakt zur Schauspielrhythmik passen.

Producer

Motorisierte Joche kosten 4.000-12.000€ mehr als manuelle, sparen aber täglich 2-3 Stunden Setup-Zeit und reduzieren den Personalaufwand um einen Beleuchter pro Unit. Bei 40-tägigen Drehplänen amortisiert sich die Investition bereits nach 20 Drehtagen. Wichtig ist die Kompatibilität mit vorhandenen DMX-Systemen - Neuprogrammierung kostet zusätzlich 2-3 Tage Prep-Zeit.

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