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Hot Patch
Lighting · Terms

Hot Patch

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Direct power distribution to film lights via CEE connectors (16A–125A) from local grid instead of generators.

Technical Details

Standard hot patches are connected via CEE connectors: 16A (blue), 32A (red), 63A (red), and 125A (red) at 400V/50Hz. The cabling uses NYY-J cables with cross-sections from 2.5 mm² (16A) to 50 mm² (125A). Modern systems integrate RCD protection switches (30 mA) and circuit breakers according to the fuse rating. Mobile hot patch distribution units feature digital power meters and phase monitoring. For 125A connections, grounding resistances below 10 Ohms are mandatory.

History & Development

Hot patching became established from the 1970s onwards, parallel to the development of high-power HMI lights. Osram's first 12kW HMI lamps (1968) required stable mains supply instead of fluctuating generator power. The introduction of electronic ballasts (EVG) from 1985 onwards reinforced this development, as flicker effects increased with unstable power supply. Since the 2000s, digital load management systems have enabled simultaneous control of multiple hot patches with automatic phase distribution.

Practical Use in Film

Studio productions like "Blade Runner 2049" (2017) utilized 125A hot patches for 18kW HMI arrays at Alcon Studios Budapest. Location shoots often use 63A connections for 12kW HMI setups, for example, in interior shots in office buildings. LED panels from 1000W benefit from stable color temperature with constant mains voltage. Disadvantages: dependence on local grid infrastructure, limited mobility, and potential failure risks during grid disturbances.

Comparison & Alternatives

Generators offer independence but produce vibrations and exhaust fumes. 20kVA units provide comparable power to a 63A hot patch but require 200 liters of diesel per shooting day. Battery systems like Freefly Wave (960Wh) replace hot patching for LED setups under 500W. Hybrid systems combine hot patching with buffer batteries for uninterrupted power supply. For exterior shoots without a mains connection, generators remain the only option, while studio situations favor hot patching.

From the crafts

Perspectives

Cinematographer

Ich verlasse mich bei kritischen Szenen auf Direkteinspeisung, weil HMI-Scheinwerfer ohne Netzstabilität zu Farbverschiebungen neigen. Bei 12kW Setups über 63A-Anschluss erreiche ich konstante 5600K ohne die Mikro-Flicker, die Generatoren bei 24fps verursachen können. Das Lastmanagement erfordert präzise Phasenverteilung – sonst fallen mir mitten im Take die Sicherungen raus.

Director

Ich plane Direkteinspeisung fest in meine Lichtdramaturgie ein, da sie mir stundenlange Kontinuität ohne Generatorpausen ermöglicht. Besonders bei emotionalen Szenen kann ich die Schauspieler im Flow halten, ohne durch Dieselnachschub oder Motorengeräusche unterbrochen zu werden. Die Planungssicherheit erlaubt komplexere Lichtchoreographien über längere Einstellungen.

Producer

Direkteinspeisung spart mir täglich 300-500 Euro Generatorkosten und eliminiert Kraftstofflogistik komplett. Bei sechswöchigen Studioproduktionen amortisiert sich die Investition in 125A-Infrastruktur bereits nach zwei Wochen. Kritisch wird es bei Locationwechseln – nicht jeder Drehort bietet Starkstromanschlüsse, daher plane ich hybride Backup-Lösungen fest ins Budget ein.

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1. Zu welchem Department gehört „Direkteinspeisung"?

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