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Flektogon 20
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Flektogon 20

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Zeiss Jena Flektogon 20mm f/2.8 wide-angle lens with retrofocus 9-element design and M42 mount. Defined East German DEFA cinematography through warm color rendering and soft bokeh.

Technical Details

The Flektogon 20 utilizes a 9-element, 7-group retrofocus construction, allowing for a flange focal distance of 45.5mm with an M42 mount. The smallest aperture is f/22, and the minimum focusing distance is 0.19m. The lens weighs 320g, has a length of 64mm, and a filter diameter of 67mm. The f/2.8 version from the 1970s is considered optically superior with MC (Multi-Coating) while earlier models had single coating. At f/11 and a distance of 2m, the depth of field ranges from 0.7m to infinity.

History & Development

Zeiss Jena introduced the first Flektogon 20/4 in 1965 as a response to Western wide-angle developments. In 1969, the faster f/2.8 version followed, produced with a Zebra design until 1979. From 1979 onwards, the design switched to a black barrel with rubberized rings. Production ceased in 1991 with German reunification and the dissolution of the VEB system. Approximately 180,000 units of all versions were produced.

Practical Use in Film

East German productions of the 1970s and 1980s frequently used the Flektogon 20 for landscape shots and interiors. DEFA employed it in films like "Solo Sunny" (1980) for wide-angle cityscapes. Its low distortion makes it ideal for architectural shots, while its high sharpness allows for precise focusing even at wide apertures. The smooth focus fall-off (bokeh) and warm color rendition characterize the visual style of many Eastern Bloc productions.

Comparison & Alternatives

Compared to Western counterparts like the Canon FD 20/2.8 or Nikkor 20/3.5, the Flektogon offers comparable optical performance at a significantly lower price on the used market. Modern alternatives such as the Zeiss Distagon 21/2.8 ZF surpass it in sharpness and contrast but do not achieve its characteristic color rendition. For digital cameras, adapters require a correction of the flange focal distance, altering the field of view to approximately 30mm full-frame equivalent.

From the crafts

Perspectives

Cinematographer

Ich schätze das Flektogon 20 für seine außergewöhnlich gleichmäßige Ausleuchtung bis in die Bildecken – selbst bei f/2,8 zeigt es kaum Vignettierung. Der Fokusring läuft butterweich mit präzisen 180° Drehwinkel, was bei schnellen Schärfeverlagerungen entscheidend ist. Die warme Farbcharakteristik verleiht Hauttönen eine natürliche Wärme, die bei LED-Licht oft verloren geht.

Director

Das Flektogon erzeugt eine spezifische visuelle Intimität trotz des weiten Bildwinkels – Gesichter wirken nie verzerrt, selbst in Nahaufnahmen. Ich nutze es für beengte Räume, wo ich trotzdem Kontext zeigen will, ohne die emotionale Nähe zu verlieren. Die sanfte Schärfestaffelung hilft dabei, Nebenfiguren subtil in die Unschärfe zu führen, ohne sie völlig verschwinden zu lassen.

Producer

Mit Anschaffungskosten von 200-400€ auf dem Gebrauchtmarkt bietet das Flektogon 20 ein unschlagbares Preis-Leistungs-Verhältnis für Independent-Produktionen. Die robusten M42-Adapter kosten weitere 50-80€, funktionieren aber an praktisch jeder modernen Kamera. Die mechanische Robustheit reduziert Ausfallrisiken – in 15 Jahren hatte ich noch nie einen Defekt bei diesen Objektiven.

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