VFX technique simulating realistic liquid behavior including water, blood, and other fluids.
Definition
Fluid simulation calculates the physically correct movement of liquids, smoke, fire, and other volumes. Navier-Stokes equations describe the behavior, voxel grids or particles represent the medium.
Practical Application
Water effects ("Aquaman", "Moana"), explosions and smoke ("Dunkirk"), blood and organic effects ("The Revenant"). Houdini's FLIP Solver is the industry standard.
Technical Details
FLIP (Fluid-Implicit-Particle): Hybrid of particles and grid. SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics): Purely particle-based. Resolution exponentially determines detail level and render time. Caching on SSD is essential.
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