Curved rail system for camera dollies with fixed radii of 2–15 m, enabling precision curved tracking shots. 600 mm gauge, 65 mm steel profile height.
Definition
Curved tracks are bent rail systems for camera dollies, enabling camera movements along precisely defined curve radii. Standard tracks have a gauge of 600mm and are manufactured in segments from 1.5m to 3m in length with radii between 2m and 15m. The term became established in the 1920s with the development of professional dolly systems in Hollywood.
Technical Details
Curved tracks are made of hardened steel with a profile height of 65mm and a weight of 18-25 kg per meter. The curve radii follow mathematical progressions: 2m, 3m, 4.5m, 6m, 9m, and 15m for standard sets. Modern systems use modular connectors with tolerances under 0.5mm. Special compound curves combine different radii within a single move. The tracks are mounted on adjustable supports (sleepers) that compensate for height differences up to 30cm.
History & Development
In 1923, Bell & Howell developed the first commercial curved track system for film studios. Mole-Richardson perfected modular connections in 1935 and standardized the track gauge. In the 1970s, Elemack introduced the first aluminum curved tracks, 40% lighter than steel. Chapman-Leonard developed computer-aided radius calculations for complex moves in 1985. Since 2010, carbon fiber hybrid constructions have dominated high-end productions.
Practical Use in Film
Curved tracks create organic camera movements for establishing shots or dramatic reveals. Kubrick used 15m radii for the ballroom scene in "The Shining" (1980). The 360° moves in "Goodfellas" (1990) were achieved with 3m curved tracks in conjunction with Steadicam transitions. Modern blockbusters combine curved tracks with motion control systems for repeatable VFX plates. Setup time ranges from 45-90 minutes depending on the complexity of the curve.
Comparison & Alternatives
Curved tracks differ from straight tracks by their fixed radii – improvisation during the move is impossible. Technocranes offer more flexible curved movements but do not achieve the smoothness of track systems. Steadicams create more organic movements but require longer preparation times. Drones are increasingly replacing curved tracks for exterior shots but cannot perform low-to-the-ground moves with heavy camera rigs. For controlled studio work, curved tracks remain the most precise tool.