Eight infrared cameras track retroreflective markers on the camera rig, transmitting 6DOF position data to the render engine in sub-16.7 ms latency for virtual production.
Technical Details
The Vector Star system consists of at least 8 infrared cameras with 1.3-megapixel resolution, positioned within a radius of 3-12 meters around the set. The camera rig carries 12-24 retroreflective markers in a star-shaped configuration with a diameter of 14 mm. Latency is under 16.7 ms at a 60 fps frame rate. The system processes six degrees of freedom (6DOF): X, Y, Z position, and rotation around all three axes. Calibration is performed via a proprietary wall algorithm with a reference sphere of 150 mm diameter.
History & Development
Vector Star was developed in 2018 by the British company Ncam Technologies as an advancement of their Mk2 system. The first commercial application was in the Netflix series "The Dark Crystal: Age of Resistance" (2019). In 2020, Ncam integrated Unreal Engine compatibility for Virtual Production. After being acquired by Mo-Sys Engineering in 2021, the system was expanded into the broadcast sector and received its fourth hardware generation in 2022 with improved marker recognition in bright ambient light.
Practical Application in Film
Vector Star enables complex camera movements in virtual sets, such as those used for StageCraft technology in "The Mandalorian" (2019-2023). The workflow begins with set calibration, followed by real-time transmission of tracking data via Ethernet to the render engine. The system shows particular strengths in Steadicam shots within LED volumes, as it operates independently of image features. Disadvantages arise with reflective surfaces and direct sunlight, which can impair marker recognition.
Comparison & Alternatives
Unlike markerless systems such as CamTrack AR, Vector Star does not require structured environments or feature points. Compared to mechanical systems like Technocranes, it offers greater freedom of movement without cabling. Alternative tracking systems include OptiTrack for smaller sets or Stype RedSpy for broadcast applications. Vector Star is primarily suitable for medium to large film sets with controlled lighting conditions, while GPS-based systems are preferred for exterior shots.