Gaffer Tape

Technical Details

Genuine gaffer tape consists of a matte vinyl backing with a cotton cloth reinforcement and a natural rubber or acrylic adhesive. The adhesive strength is 14-16 N/25mm, and the tensile strength is at least 180 N/25mm. Crucially, it is removable without residue, even after months and temperatures ranging from -18°C to +60°C. Available widths are 12mm, 19mm, 25mm, 38mm, and 50mm. Color variants include black, white, gray, green, blue, and red, with black achieving 99% light absorption.

History & Development

Gaffer tape was developed in 1959 by Ross Lowell and Permacel specifically for the film industry. Its predecessor was shiny duct tape, which caused unwanted light reflections. In 1977, 3M introduced the first industry standard with the "Scotch 235." Since the 1990s, specialized manufacturers like Pro Tapes & Specialties have established themselves, with the "Pro 001" becoming a reference product.

Practical Use in Film

Gaffer tape secures cables on the floor, preventing trip hazards and cable noise during camera movements. In "Blade Runner 2049" (2017), DoP Roger Deakins used black gaffer tape for light baffling on LED panels. Typical applications include taping lamps for light shaping, attaching diffusion gels, marking actor positions (Spike Marks), and repairing equipment. White gaffer tape serves as a bounce reflector or for labeling. Disadvantage: The adhesive can harden at extreme heat.

Comparison & Alternatives

Gaffer tape differs from duct tape by its matte surface and residue-free removal. Spike tape (13mm wide, various neon colors) marks positions, while console tape (1" wide) is used on mixing consoles. Modern alternatives include reusable cable ties and magnetic cable guides, which, however, only function on ferromagnetic surfaces. For temporary floor markings, camera tape – a thinner paper tape that is peelable without residue – is increasingly becoming established.