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Aperture / f-Stop / Iris
Camera · Terms

Aperture / f-Stop / Iris

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Adjustable lens opening controlling light transmission and depth of field measured in f-stops or t-stops.

Definition

The aperture (German Blende) is the adjustable opening in the lens that regulates the amount of light hitting the sensor or film. It is specified in f-stops or T-stops.

Aperture Scale

The aperture scale follows a mathematical progression:
f/1.4 – f/2 – f/2.8 – f/4 – f/5.6 – f/8 – f/11 – f/16 – f/22

Each stop halves or doubles the amount of light:

  • Smaller number (f/1.4): Wide opening, more light, shallow depth of field
  • Larger number (f/16): Narrow opening, less light, deep depth of field

f-Stop vs. T-Stop

  • f-Stop: Geometric ratio (focal length / diameter)
  • T-Stop: Actual light transmission (including glass loss)

Cinema lenses are calibrated in T-stops for precise exposure control.

Effect on the Image

  1. Exposure: Regulates the amount of light
  2. Depth of Field: Determines the focus range
  3. Image Quality: Diffraction blur at very small apertures
  4. Bokeh: Character of the out-of-focus areas
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